The Distributed Discrete Gaussian Mechanism for Federated Learning with Secure Aggregation

We consider training models on private data that is distributed across user devices. To ensure privacy, we add on-device noise and use secure aggregation so that only the noisy sum is revealed to the server. We present a comprehensive end-to-end system, which appropriately discretizes the data and adds discrete Gaussian noise before performing secure aggregation. We provide a novel privacy analysis for sums of discrete Gaussians. We also analyze the effect of rounding the input data and the modular summation arithmetic. Our theoretical guarantees highlight the complex tension between communication, privacy, and accuracy. Our extensive experimental results demonstrate that our solution is essentially able to achieve a comparable accuracy to central differential privacy with 16 bits of precision per value

Supervision Timing Simulation Analysis of Community E-commerce Platform Supply Chain Based on Tripartite Game Model

With the development of network and the popularity of e-commerce, the network service industry has shown strong development potential, and many community e-commerce platforms have emerged as the times require. In order to ensure the profit of the supply chain of community e-commerce platform and supervise whether the suppliers of enterprises and grid station service providers try their best to participate in value co-creation, this paper introduces the delay parameter a of community e-commerce platform, constructs a three-party evolutionary game model of "community e-commerce platform-grid station service provider-supplier", simulates the strategies of each agent with matlab, studies the behaviours of community e-commerce platform under different delay parameters, and concludes that the delay parameter a of community e-commerce platform has a great influence on the timing of community e-commerce platform supervision. Finally, three suggestions are put forward for the supervision of the supply chain of community e-commerce platform: (1) encourage consumers to report; (2) formulate the reward and punishment system for the settled enterprises; (3) formulating a reasonable supervision system

Plastic Softening Induced by High-Frequency Vibrations Accompanying Uniaxial Tension in Aluminum

Funding: This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant No. 11972174 (Jinxing Liu) and Grant No. 11672119 (Jinxing Liu).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Celebrity endorsements of branded apparel and its role in printed advertising

Purchasing is an important concept in the life of students. The decision whether to purchase branded apparel is hence a very important one. The 21st century student is less loyal and more demanding when choosing branded apparel. Marketers should understand how students evaluate celebrity endorsers when they appear in printed advertising and respond accordingly. The objective of the research is to find out how celebrity endorsed print advertisements affect Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (NMMU) students’ purchase behaviour. The results of this study could assist marketers in improving the quality of their advertising and to more accurately meet the needs of this dynamic student market. A literature review was conducted to provide an understanding of the consumer purchasing behaviour and the role celebrity endorser played in printed advertisements. The empirical study was designed to assess the impact of the use of celebrity endorsements of printed advertisements targeted at NMMU students. The empirical findings showed that both male and female students indicated that the use of celebrity endorsers get their attention and created interest, and make advertisements more memorable. Males were more influenced than ii females. Moreover, both groups indicated that for a desired or familiar product, celebrity endorsers did not easily change their purchase decisions. It was also found that the use of pictures, colours and wording featured in the advertisements are important to students. The study proposes that marketers should continue to focus on effective marketing communications and establish whether a celebrity should be used. The correct selection of a celebrity endorser can help to create greater consumer persuasion